Week 12 TWHTI

1.
1920s: 4-6 seconds per shot
1930s-1960s: 8-11 sps
Mid-1960s: 6-8 sps
1980s: 5-7 sps
2000: 3-6 sps

2. Directors have found new visual cues to cut on that effectively infuse energy into the scene.

3. Shot/reverse shot eyeline matches and body orientation reiterate character placement, thus filmmakers intensifying dialogue scenes have omitted establishing shots.

4. After 1970, wide angle lenses were used to provide looming close-ups, expansive establishing shots, views inside cramped quarters, and medium shots with strong foreground-background interplay.

5. After 1970, telephoto lenses were used for multiple camera shooting, and in essence became an all purpose tool used in all facets of filming.

6. Filmmakers started mixing long and short lenses because many movie-brat directors wanted to keep tradition of 40's deep space filming but appreciated the long lens.

7. Close framing allows the director to vary the pace during editing and to pick the best bits of each actor's performance.

8. Vary the distance of the close-ups is one answer, also cutting to the establishing shot allows a beat, and lets the scene breath.